People often ask us: “Do beekeepers actually do anything in winter?” It’s a fair question — the hives look quiet, the bees stay tucked inside, and the whole apiary feels like it’s holding its breath. But winter is one of the most important times of the year for beekeepers here at Gielen Family Farm. What happens now determines how strong, healthy, and productive the colonies will be when spring arrives.
Below is a clear, practical look at what winter beekeeping really involves in New Zealand.
1. Making Sure the Bees Have Enough Food
Winter bees can’t forage much — the temperatures are too low, and nectar sources are scarce. So one of our biggest jobs is making sure each hive has enough stored honey to get through the cold months.
We check:
- honey reserves
- colony size
- whether supplementary feeding is needed
If a hive is light, we may give sugar syrup or fondant to keep the colony warm and fuelled. Apiculture New Zealand has excellent guidance on winter feeding practices.
2. Keeping the Hive Warm, Dry, and Comfortable
Bees survive winter by forming a tight cluster and generating heat. Our job is to make that easier for them.
We:
- reduce the entrance to keep heat in
- minimise empty space inside the hive
- ensure ventilation is good enough to prevent moisture buildup
Moisture is more dangerous than cold — damp hives can lead to mould and chilled bees. Kiwimana Beekeeping Supplies has a great winter‑prep guide for New Zealand conditions.
3. Quick Winter Check‑Ups (Only on the Right Days)
Winter inspections are gentle and brief. On a warm, sunny day, we may lift the lid just long enough to confirm:
- the colony is alive and active
- the cluster is centred
- the queen is present (indirect signs only)
- food stores are still adequate
We avoid unnecessary disruption — the goal is to support the bees, not stress them.
4. Staying Ahead of Varroa Mite
Varroa doesn’t take a winter holiday. Even when brood levels drop, mites can still cause damage. Depending on the hive’s needs, we may apply a winter‑appropriate treatment to keep mite levels under control.
The Ministry for Primary Industries provides up‑to‑date information on Varroa management in New Zealand.
5. Preparing for Spring Before It Arrives
Winter is also planning season. We use this quieter time to:
- repair boxes and frames
- clean extraction gear
- order supplies
- map out our spring management plan
When the first warm days arrive, the bees explode into action — and we need to be ready.
Looking Ahead
By late winter, we’re watching for the first signs of new life — willow catkins, early blossoms, warmer mornings. When the bees begin flying again, they’ll build brood rapidly and prepare for the honey flow ahead.
A strong winter sets the stage for a productive season. With healthy colonies and a well‑rested queen, our bees will be ready to make the honey again.
Winter may look quiet from the outside, but inside the hive — and inside the beekeeper’s workshop — it’s a season of preparation, protection, and care.